Have you ever had your heating break down on you? you may pop open the entryway on the unit, but odds are the inside just looks like a jumble of wires and metal. unless you are an hvac technician, you probably don’t know much about your heating or heating repairs. but, understanding the basic parts and operation of the unit could make the trouble-shooting process a little easier.
basic components of a gas central air heating
* pilot luminous- the pilot is source of fire that your heating uses to fire up when your thermostat calls for heat. there are two types of pilot lights: standing pilot and electronic ignition.
* standing pilot- this type of pilot luminous consists of a pilot luminous assembly and a thermocouple. the pilot luminous assembly holds a constant flame that should always be lit even when the heating is not in use. the thermocouple is heated by the flame on the pilot assembly. the thermocouple then generates an electric current that will feed to the gas valve on your heating. the gas valve is the part of the heating that regulates the flow of gas into the unit.
* electronic ignition- this type of ignition doesn’t have a constant flame. it will only create a flame when the thermostat calls for heat. instead of a thermocouple, this type of pilot has a flame sensor. the flame sensor will sense the flame created by the pilot and then send a signal to the gas valve to open.
* inducer motor- the inducer motor is a small fan-like motor, and it has two main operates. it brings air in from the outdoors to create set on fire, and it removes the hazerdous gases created by the set on fire of gas and air. at the beginning of a cycle, the inducer motor will kick on first to get air into the unit to create set on fire with the gas released by the gas valve. the set on fire is what creates the heat for your house. during the cycle, the inducer continues to run and filter out any of the excess gasses that are created by the heaters set on fire process. this keeps poisonous gasses like carbon monoxide (co) from entering your breathing air.
* burners- the burners are located in the set on fire chamber where the set on fire takes place. the gas mixes with the outdoor air and heat is created. the burners will usually glow red when they are hot. they then transfer the heat to the heat exchanger.
* supply and return vents- these are the vents that are located in each room of your house. the supply vent pushes heat into the room. the return vent draws air into it to be taken back to the heating to be re-heated.
* heat exchanger- the heat exchanger is the part of the heating that heats the air that is blown into the house. there are two sides to the heat exchanger. one side is in contact with the set on fire air and gases, and the other side is in contact with the air that circulates through the house. the heat created by the set on fire air is transferred through the heat exchanger to heat the air before it is sent through your house. the heat exchanger creates a insulation between you and the harmful gases that are being vented outside by the inducer motor.
* blower motor- the blower motor is the big vent that sends the air through the duct effort of your house and into each room that receives heat. this vent can either be used only when the heating is cycling, or it can run all of the time if you set the vent to the “on” position on the thermostat.
There are several other parts in the heating unit, but these are the main components that are used to heat your house. first the pilot luminous heats either the thermocouple or flame sensor. the thermocouple/ flame sensor will then send an electric current to the gas valve. the gas valve will open and send gas to the set on fire chamber. the gas mixes with the air that is drawn in by the inducer motor, and the burners will fire up. the heat created here will be transferred through the heat exchanger. the air that is being drawn back to the heating through the return vents will flow through the heat exchanger. as the air passes through the heat exchanger it is warmed and then transferred to the duct effort that leads to the supply vents for each room in the house.
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